Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 侵

Modern (Beijing) reading: qīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: shim

Classic Old Chinese: shim

Western Han Chinese: shjǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: shjǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: shjim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shjim

Late Postclassic Chinese: shjim

Middle Chinese: chjim

English meaning : to invade

Russian meaning[s]: 1) захватывать, грабить; вторгаться; посягать; нападать; притеснять; интервенировать; интервенция; 2) постепенно; 3) неурожайный год; 4) 12-е число (в телеграммах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6039

Karlgren code: 0661 c-d

Character: 侯

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ō

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ō

Western Han Chinese: gwā (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gwā (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gwā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gwā (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣʌw

Fanqie: 何樓

Rhyme class: 尤

English meaning : target; target shooter, archer; feudal lord

Russian meaning[s]: 1) феодал, князь; стар. 2-й феодальный титул (при маньчжурах); маркиз; 2) мишень для стрельбы из лука; 3) древн. начальная частица только, но вот; 4) древн. как?, почему?, вм. 何; 5) древн. прекрасный; 6) Хоу (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 春饗所射侯也. 從人. 從厂. 象張布. 矢在其下. 天子射熊虎豹. 服猛也. 諸侯射熊虎. 大夫射麋. 麋惑也. 士射鹿豕. 為田除害也. 其祝曰. 母若不寧侯. 不朝于王所. 故伉而射汝也.

Comments: In older parts of Shijing used for *g(h)ō - a personal existential copula ("he/she/it has, is").

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5045

Karlgren code: 0113 a-d

Vietnamese reading: hầu

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 13.1, 13.2, 24.2, 24.3, 54.1_, 57.1

Character: 便

Modern (Beijing) reading: biàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: bens

Classic Old Chinese: benh

Western Han Chinese: bjanh

Eastern Han Chinese: bjanh

Early Postclassic Chinese: bjèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bjèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: bjèn

Middle Chinese: bjèn

English meaning : convenient [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) удобный; удобство; подходящий; быть удобным; облегчить; способствовать; облегченный; 2) удобный случай; свободное время; 3) простой, домашний; неофициальный; упрощать; 4) гибкий, ловкий; 5) естественная нужда; стул, испражнение; мочеиспускание; 6) сейчас же, немедленно; тогда-то; в таком случае; и (перед сказуемым) а) после обстоятельства времени указывает на непосредственное наступление действия сказуемого; б) после условного предложения; в) в ряду действий указывает на их последовательность; [pián] 1) полный, исполненный (чего-л.); 2) см. 便宜; 3) Пянь (фамилия)

Comments: For *b- cf. Xiamen pian⁶, Chaozhou pieŋ⁶, Fuzhou pieŋ⁶. Also read *bhen, MC bjen, Mand. pián 'favourable; cheap' (for *bh- cf. Chaozhou phieŋ²).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6427

Karlgren code: 0221 a

Vietnamese reading: tiện

Character: 俠

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiá

Preclassic Old Chinese: krēp

Classic Old Chinese: krēp

Western Han Chinese: krjāp

Eastern Han Chinese: kriāp

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄p

Middle Chinese: kạ̈p

English meaning : be on both sides [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) благородный; отважный; рыцарь; рыцарский; 2) Ся (фамилия); [jiá] с двух сторон; совместно

Comments: = 夾 q.v. During Han time attested with reading *g(h)ēp, MC ɣiep (Pek. irregularly jie) 'a brave man' - which may be the original meaning of the character.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4996

Karlgren code: 0630 k

Character: 俑

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: loŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lóŋ

Western Han Chinese: lóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jóŋ

Middle Chinese: jö́uŋ

English meaning : grave figures [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: деревянные погребальные статуэтки; кукла из бумаги (сжигаемая на похоронах); кукла

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3636

Karlgren code: 1185 j

Character: 俏

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiaò

Preclassic Old Chinese: shews

Classic Old Chinese: shewh

Western Han Chinese: shjawh

Eastern Han Chinese: shjawh

Early Postclassic Chinese: shjèw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shjèw

Late Postclassic Chinese: shjèw

Middle Chinese: chjèw

English meaning : similar [LZ]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1149 p

Character: 保

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: pūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pū́

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: pā́w

Middle Chinese: pấw

English meaning : to protect, preserve, maintain

Russian meaning[s]: 1) защищать, охранять; сохранять; 2) обеспечить, гарантировать, поручиться, взять на себя ответственность (за что-л.); поручитель; поручительство; залог; 3) содержать, кормить, поддерживать; покровительствовать; выдвигать, представлять, рекомендовать; 4) успокаивать; 5) работник (наемный); 6) бао (единица деревенской организации по системе круговой поруки); 7) сокр. Болгария

Comments: Sch.: probably s. etymon as 寶 ('consider precious').

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5182

Karlgren code: 1057 a-e

Vietnamese reading: ba`o

Character: 促

Modern (Beijing) reading: cù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhok

Classic Old Chinese: chok

Western Han Chinese: chok

Eastern Han Chinese: chjok

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjok

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjok

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjok

Middle Chinese: chjöuk

English meaning : to press, urge; to hurry [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) понуждать; давить, теснить; 2) торопить, ускорять, способствовать; безотлагательный, срочный; 3) тесный, близкий; интимный; вплотную

Comments: See also 趣.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5838

Karlgren code: 1219 d

Vietnamese reading: thúc

Character: 侶

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǚ

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)aʔ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)á

Western Han Chinese: r(h)á

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)á

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ó

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ó

Middle Chinese: lö́

English meaning : comrade [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: товарищ, компаньон; партнер; сообщник

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1446

Karlgren code: 0076 d

Character: 俘

Modern (Beijing) reading: fú

Preclassic Old Chinese: pho

Classic Old Chinese: pho

Western Han Chinese: phwa

Eastern Han Chinese: phwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwo

Middle Chinese: phü

English meaning : to capture; captive

Russian meaning[s]: брать в плен; пленный, пленник

Comments: Xiesheng points rather to *phu in OC; the expected phǝw in MC could have been substituted by a dialectal reading phü.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3081

Character: 俟

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lǝ́

Western Han Chinese: lǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: jɨ́

Middle Chinese: ẓɨ́

English meaning : to wait

Russian meaning[s]: 1) подождать, выждать; 2) в начале придаточного предложения времени: к тому времени, когда...; когда же...; после того, как...

Comments: The series obviously has lateral initials, so *źɨ́ would be a normal MC reflex; the reason for retroflexity in MC ẓɨ́ is unclear (the extremely rare MC phoneme ẓ is attested only within this xiesheng series).

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 5057

Karlgren code: 0976 m

Shijing occurrences: 42.1, 52.2_

Character: 俊

Modern (Beijing) reading: jùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: curs

Classic Old Chinese: cwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: cwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: cjwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjwìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjwìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjwìn

Middle Chinese: cjwìn

English meaning : be great, eminent

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лучший; выдающийся; выделяющийся; одаренный, талантливый; 2) красивый; 3) большой; 4) Цзюнь (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6316

Karlgren code: 0468 t

Character: 俗

Modern (Beijing) reading: sú

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhok

Classic Old Chinese: lhok

Western Han Chinese: lhok

Eastern Han Chinese: zhok

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhok

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhok

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhok

Middle Chinese: zjöuk

English meaning : custom, vulgar custom; vulgar, secular

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обычаи; нравы; 2) вульгарный; банальный; 3) распространенный; народный; 4) светский

Comments: Attested as early as in Shujing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1365

Karlgren code: 1220 a-b

Vietnamese reading: tục

Character: 侮

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)oʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)ó

Western Han Chinese: m(h)wá

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)wá

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wó

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)wó

Middle Chinese: mǘ

English meaning : to offend, insult, maltreat

Russian meaning[s]: обижать, оскорблять; презирать; непочтительный, невежливый, пренебрежительный

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4765

Karlgren code: 0138 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 26.4

Character: 俐

Modern (Beijing) reading: li

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 俄

Modern (Beijing) reading: é

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋāj

Classic Old Chinese: ŋāj

Western Han Chinese: ŋāj

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋā

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋā

Middle Chinese: ŋâ

English meaning : be slanting

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вдруг, внезапно, неожиданно; в один момент; 2) сокр. Россия; русский

Comments: A later meaning is 'suddenly, unexpectedly'. In Viet. cf. also nga` 'to lean, incline'. For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen go², Chaozhou ŋo², Fuzhou ŋɔ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 6770

Karlgren code: 0002 h

Vietnamese reading: nga

Character: 係

Modern (Beijing) reading: xì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kēs (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: kēh

Western Han Chinese: kēh

Eastern Han Chinese: kiēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Middle Chinese: kìej

English meaning : to bind, tie up

Russian meaning[s]: 1) связывать; находиться в связи (родстве); связь, преемство, см. 繫; 2) предикативная связка быть, являться, соответствует 是 или 是... 的

Comments: Modern xì is irregular (on analogy with 系).

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8295

Karlgren code: 0876 c

Character: 俚

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǐ

Russian meaning[s]: 1) простой; деревенский; народный; 2) вульгарный; низкий; неотесанный; 3) поддержка; надежда; опираться

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 429

Character: 俎

Modern (Beijing) reading: zǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćraʔ

Classic Old Chinese: crá

Western Han Chinese: c̣á

Eastern Han Chinese: c̣á

Early Postclassic Chinese: c̣ó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: c̣ó

Late Postclassic Chinese: c̣ó

Middle Chinese: c̣ö́

English meaning : sacrificial table; sacrifice by placing meat on a table

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кухонная доска; 2) древн. жертвенный стол; 3) Цзу (фамилия)

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 607

Karlgren code: 0046 v

Character: 俞

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: lo

Classic Old Chinese: lo

Western Han Chinese: lwa

Eastern Han Chinese: źwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwo

Middle Chinese: jü

English meaning : yes, agree

Russian meaning[s]: 1) да, так, ладно; 2) выдалбливать челнок; 3) Юй (фамилия); [yù] выздороветь, вм. 愈; [shū] Шу (название княжества)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8767

Karlgren code: 0125 a-b